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Jabir ibn Aflah
Abū Muḥammad Jābir ibn Aflaḥ ((アラビア語:أبو محمد جابر بن أفلح), (ラテン語:Geber/Gebir); 1100–1150) was a Muslim astronomer and mathematician from Seville, who was active in 12th century al-Andalus. His work ''Iṣlāḥ al-Majisṭi'' (Correction of the ''Almagest'') influenced Islamic, Jewish and Christian astronomers.
==''Iṣlāḥ al-Majisṭi (Correction of the Almagest)''==
This work is a commentary and reworking of Ptolemy's ''Almagest'' and is the first criticism of it in the Islamic West. He particularly criticized the mathematical basis of the work. For example he replaced the use of Menelaus' theorem with ones based on spherical trigonometry, in what seems to be an attempt to increase the mathematical precision of the work. These theorems had been developed by a group of 10th century Islamic mathematicians who included Abū al-Wafā' Būzjānī and then also by Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Muadh Al-Jayyani who worked in Andalusia during the 11th century. Jābir does not credit any of these authors and does not refer to a single Islamic author in this work.
One substantial change Jābir made to Ptolemy's account is that he placed the orbits of Venus and Mercury, the minor planets, outside that of the Sun, rather than between the Moon and the Sun as had been the case in the original work.
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